To make sure the installer works, no matter what the version of the currently-running OS may be, it’s best to make a bootable installer, boot that, and run the installation from there. You should be able to run it if you want to install a version of macOS that is the same or newer revision than what is currently running, but trying to install an older version may likely fail with a cryptic message about the installer being broken. The most important takeaway is that you are pretty limited if you try to just run the installer application (after downloading it). I’d recommend reading Howard Oakley’s article on the subject. I don’t have personal experience with installations like this. Then use it as normal until you can replace the computer or its storage device. If your internal storage fails, boot the backup and run System Update to bring its System volume up to date. Only update the system volume when you need to start using it. When you think it appropriate (maybe by a calendar/schedule, maybe after a major OS release), boot the backup and run Software Update to bring its System volume up to date. You’ll boot it and then use it to re-image your internal storage (assuming you could replace it) by installing macOS, then restoring the Data volume. If your internal storage fails, you won’t be running from that backup. Never update the system volume on your backup. But you don’t necessarily have to do this. The only issue here is that when system updates are installed, the only way to apply them to your bootable backup is to boot it and run Software Update from there. The System volume only changes when a macOS system installer runs.Īny and all system configuration (including sharing) will be stored as a part of the Data volume, where “normal” security measures (file permissions, SIP, etc.) apply. The only files that belong to the sealed System volume are files that never change after system installation (since any change to any file there would require un-sealing it, re-certifying the contents, and then re-sealing it). The result should be a bootable system containing all of the user data (including accounts, preferences, apps, etc.).
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